Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a public health emergency worldwide, predominantly affecting the respiratory tract. However, evidence supports the involvement of extrapulmonary sites, including reports of intracranial hemorrhages. Objective To describe six original cases and review the literature on intracranial hemorrhages in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 by molecular methods. Methods A systematic literature review was performed on MEDLINE, PubMed, and NCBI electronic databases to identify eligible studies. Of the total 1,624 articles retrieved, only 53 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results The overall incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 was 0.26%. In this patient group, the mean age was 60 years, and the majority were male (68%) with initial respiratory symptoms (73%) and some comorbidity. Before the diagnosis of hemorrhage, 43% of patients were using anticoagulants, 47.3% at therapeutic doses. The intraparenchymal (50%) was the most affected compartment, followed by the subarachnoid (34%), intraventricular (11%), and subdural (7%). There was a predominance of lobar over non-lobar topographies. Multifocal or multicompartmental hemorrhages were described in 25% of cases. Overall mortality in the cohort studies was 44%, while around 55% of patients were discharged from hospital. Conclusion Despite the unusual association, the combination of these two diseases is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity, as well as more severe clinicoradiological presentations. Further studies are needed to provide robust evidence on the exact pathophysiology behind the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhages after COVID-19 infection.

Resumo Antecedentes A COVID-19 emergiu como uma emergência de saúde pública em todo o mundo, proporcionando lesão principalmente do trato respiratório. No entanto, várias evidências apontam para acometimento de sítios extrapulmonares, incluindo relatos de hemorragias intracranianas. Objetivo Descrever seis casos originais e revisar a literatura sobre hemorragias intracranianas em pacientes com diagnostico de COVID-19 por métodos moleculares. Métodos A revisão sistemática da literatura foi feita nas bases de dados eletrônicas da MEDLINE, PubMed e NCBI para identificar os estudos elegíveis. Do total de 1.624 artigos recuperados, apenas 53 artigos preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Resultados A incidência geral de hemorragia intracraniana nos pacientes internados por COVID-19 foi de 0,26%. A média de idade foi de 60 anos, e a maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino (68%) com sintomas respiratórios iniciais (73%) e alguma comorbidade. Antes do diagnóstico de hemorragia, 43% estavam em uso de anticoagulantes, 47,3% destes em doses terapêuticas. O compartimento mais acometido foi o intraparenquimatoso (50%), seguido do subaracnoideo (34%), intraventricular (11%) e subdural (7%). Houve predomínio de topografias lobares sobre as não-lobares. Hemorragias multifocais ou multicompartimentais foram descritas em 25% dos casos. A mortalidade geral nos estudos de coorte foi de 44%, enquanto houve alta hospitalar em cerca de 55% dos pacientes. Conclusão Apesar da associação incomum, a combinação dessas doenças está relacionada com altas taxas de mortalidade e morbidade, bem como apresentações clínico-radiológicas mais graves. Mais estudos são necessários para oferecer evidências robustas sobre a fisiopatologia exata por trás da ocorrência de hemorragias intracranianas após infecção por COVID-19.

Abstract Marginal reefs can provide meaningful information about the structure and dynamics of ecosystems under suboptimal environmental conditions. In addition to their different characteristics, these environments can also occur in urbanized areas. In this note, we characterize marine animal forests (MAFs) on turbid-zone reefs on an urban coast in the equatorial southwestern Atlantic. Overall, the sandstone ferruginous reefs (6-10 m depth) exhibited a flat topography and gentle slope (1-2 m above the seabed). Benthic cover is composed mainly of sponge gardens and ascidians. In addition, we found a low-relief coral carpet with only one massive reef-building coral (Siderastrea stellata) and Zoantharia. The ascidians and sponges had a higher diversity (at least 15 species) than the cnidarians (two species) in these forests. The main animals forming this seascape are weedy and stress-tolerant species adapted to challenging environmental conditions, such as swell waves, mesotidal regimes, moderate turbidity waters, and periodic burial. In this regard, these conditions and human impacts have shaped a unique MAF. Remarkably, the studied formations seem similar to high-latitude marginal reefs or low-latitude reefs under the influence of upwelling, which sustains soft corals and non-framework building coral communities along with sponges and ascidians. In particular, the shallow MAFs along the semi-arid coast of Brazil seem to lack some of the characteristics of low-latitude reefs under high sedimentation, whose structure was described as coral rubble within sedimentary matrices. This suggests that factors other than periodic burials and low light availability affected these MAFs. These overlooked forests are widespread in this area and have been neglected in studies, despite their richness (> 31 taxa) and valuable ecosystem goods and services. In the context of urbanized areas subject to climate change and pollution impacts, jetties, and dredging activities, it is necessary to consider these lush forests in impact assessments and conservation policies.

Abstract We evaluate how the concentrations of inorganic nutrients and chlorophyll a vary in a heterogeneous area (Equatorial SW Atlantic), covering a gradient from stations closer to the coast to others more distant associated or not with turbid-zone reefs. Vertical temperature (27.9 ± 0.10 °C; mean ± standard deviation) and salinity (36.2 ± 0.14) profles showed that the water column is well mixed (0-30 m depth). The oligotrophic condition was marked by low concentrations of phosphate (0.30 ± 0.22 µM) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (0.64 ± 0.74 µM). Moreover, dissolved reactive silicon (DSi) was low in most samples (< 2.0 µM), but higher (>10 µM) in nearshore stations, probably related to continental runoff and/or resuspension of the bottom sediments. The pelagic phytoplankton biomass indicated that chlorophyll a (0.25 ± 0.08 µg L-1) was low, positively correlated with light and negatively correlated with nutrients, indicating possible phytoplankton uptake. Chlorophyll a concentrations were lower in stations closer to the coast and higher in some stations near the reefs, indicating that the latter could be more prone to phytoplankton development and depletion of nutrients, especially DSi. Therefore, although oligotrophy is present along this coast, we found some unexpected heterogeneity of nutrient and chlorophyll a distributions, which were probably infuenced by benthic-pelagic coupling due to the presence of extensive reefs, sponge gardens (18-30 m depth), and the proximity to the coast. These results highlight the importance of understanding the heterogeneity of ocean productivity, especially in lesser known low-latitude areas, which showed distinct nutrient and chlorophyll a levels related to the occurrence of tropical reefs that are capable of supporting important fsh stocks and unique biological communities.

Abstract This study identified the marine protected areas (MPAs) affected by the most extensive oil spill recorded on the Southwestern Atlantic coast, Brazil (2019/2020). We found that 81 MPAs suffered the direct or indirect effects of spilled oil, producing chemical, biological and socioenvironmental impacts over approximately 3.0% of the 2,659 protected areas currently established in Brazil. Although estimates suggest a moderate volume of spilled oil, the incident reached wide coastal strips, probably producing more damage to MPAs than other cases worldwide. Further, the generated negative impacts affected the already fragile environmental protection system in Brazil, potentially leading to negative impacts on global networks of MPAs and worldwide biodiversity.

Abstract A complete genome of the first anellovirus infecting the wild felid Leopardus pardalis (ocelot) and a partial genome were assembled and annotated through high-throughput sequencing protocols followed by Sanger sequencing validation. The full-length virus obtained comprises 2,003 bp, while the partial genome comprises 1,224 bp. Phylogenetic analysis grouped these two sequences in two distinct clusters related to previously described Felidae anelloviruses. The ORF1 of the partial genome was identified as a new species provisionally called Torque teno ocelot virus, with 53.6% identity with its sister lineage. The complete genome was inferred as a new representative of the Torque teno felid virus 3 species, with 73.28% identity to the closest reference. This study expands known virus diversity and the host span of anelloviruses.

Abstract This research aimed to analyze the existence of positive, negative, direct, and indirect relationships (via job satisfaction and self-efficacy) between perceiving a calling and turnover intention, as well as the moderating role of perceived mobility. We used a quantitative approach and data collection from 230 employees. The analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling. The results show a direct and negative effect between perceiving a calling and turnover intention, and between job satisfaction and turnover intention. We identified a direct and positive effect between perceiving a calling and job satisfaction and between perceiving a calling and self-efficacy. Job satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between perceiving a calling and turnover intention. There is no significant effect between self-efficacy and turnover intention in the analyzed sample. The moderating effect of perceived mobility on the relationship between job satisfaction and self-efficacy with turnover intention was not significant.

Resumen Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la existencia de relaciones positivas, negativas, directas e indirectas (a través de la satisfacción laboral y la autoeficacia) entre la percepción de una vocación profesional y la intención de dejar el empleo, así como el papel moderador de la percepción de la movilidad laboral. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo, con corte transversal y recopilación de datos primarios de 230 empleados. Para analizar los datos se adoptó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados muestran que existe un efecto directo y negativo entre la percepción de una vocación y la intención de dejar el empleo, así como entre la satisfacción laboral y la intención de dejar el empleo. Se identificó el efecto directo y positivo entre percibir una vocación y la satisfacción laboral y entre percibir una vocación y autoeficacia. La satisfacción laboral media parcialmente la relación entre percibir una vocación y la intención de dejar el empleo. No existe un efecto significativo entre la autoeficacia y la intención de dejar el empleo en la muestra analizada. El efecto moderador de la movilidad laboral sobre la relación entre la satisfacción laboral y la autoeficacia con la intención de dejar el empleo no fue significativo.

Resumo Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a existência de relações positivas, negativas, diretas e indiretas (via satisfação no trabalho e autoeficácia) entre perceber um chamado e a intenção de deixar um emprego, assim como o papel moderador da percepção de mobilidade de emprego. Utilizou-se uma abordagem quantitativa, descritiva, com corte transversal e coleta de dados primários junto a 230 funcionários. Para analisar os dados, adotou-se a modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados apontam que há um efeito direto e negativo entre perceber um chamado e intenção de deixar o emprego, bem como entre satisfação no trabalho e a intenção de deixar o emprego. Identificou-se o efeito direto e positivo entre perceber um chamado e satisfação no trabalho e entre perceber um chamado e a autoeficácia. A satisfação no trabalho medeia parcialmente a relação entre perceber um chamado e a intenção de deixar o emprego. Não há efeito significativo entre autoeficácia e a intenção de deixar o emprego na amostra analisada. O efeito moderador da mobilidade de emprego nas relações entre satisfação do trabalho e autoeficácia com intenção de deixar o emprego não foram significativas.

Resumo O objetivo foi analisar a tendência, a espacialização e as circunstâncias associadas às violências contra populações vulneráveis no Brasil, entre 2009 e 2017. Lançou-se mão de análise descritiva, de espacialização e de regressão polinomial. Notificaram-se 1.116.331 casos de violência, com aumento de 667,5% no período analisado. Em todas as populações estudadas, houve predomínio da violência física por meio de força corporal contra mulheres de baixa escolaridade, praticada por homens em residências. As violências psicológica e sexual destacaram-se nas populações feminina e LGBT. Já a negligência foi expressiva dentre pessoas com deficiência, crianças/adolescentes e idosas. Pelo menos 65% das notificações de violência no Brasil foram caracterizadas como indiscriminadas quanto à motivação do ato. A análise de tendência demonstrou a ascensão da prevalência de violência contra mulheres (+8,5%), pessoas com deficiência (+7,1%), idosos (+55,4%), indígenas (+99,4%), LGBT (+3,4%) e pretos, pardos e amarelos (+30,2%), exceto para a população de crianças/adolescentes (-11,4%). No Norte/Nordeste prevaleceu agressão contra mulheres e crianças/adolescentes, ao passo que no Centro-Oeste, Sul e Sudeste, as populações LGBT, deficiente e idosa foram mais vilipendiadas.

Abstract The scope of this study was to analyze the trend, spatialization and circumstances associated with violence against vulnerable populations in Brazil between 2009 and 2017. Descriptive analysis, spatialization and polynomial regression were used. A total of 1,116,331 cases of violence were notified, with an increase of 667.5% over the period. In all populations under research there was a predominance of physical violence against women with low levels of schooling, perpetrated by men in residences. Sexual and psychological violence was highlighted in female and LGBT populations. Negligence, however, was significant among people with disabilities, children/adolescents, and the elderly. At least 65% of the notifications of violence in Brazil were characterized as indiscriminate regarding the motivation behind the act. Tendency analysis showed a rise of interpersonal violence against women (+8.5%), disabled people (+7.1%), elderly individuals (+55.4%), natives (+99.4%), LGBT people (+3.4%) and racial violence (+30.2%), except for violence against underaged individuals, which showed a decrease (-11.4%). In North and Northwest regions violence against women and underaged individuals prevailed, while in Midwest, South and Southeast regions the LGBT, disabled and elderly populations were most subject to abuse.

Many addresses where Machado de Assis lived are known to his biographers, but it seems likely that others are still unknown. From the discovery of a record in a newspaper at the time, this research seeks to ascertain whether the writer would have inhabited Rua da Alfândega 123 in 1867. In the absence of other direct evidence, parallel information is sought that could disprove the data, without result that disappointed him. In addition, an investigation is carried out on the property, in order to understand its plan and check if it still exists in Rio de Janeiro today. Finally, this space is related to a passage from Machado's narrative work.

Sus biógrafos conocen muchas direcciones donde vivió Machado de Assis, pero parece probable que aún se desconozcan otras. A partir del descubrimiento de un registro en un periódico de la época, esta investigación busca determinar si el escritor habría vivido en 1867 en la Rua da Alfândega 123. En ausencia de otra evidencia directa, se busca información paralela que pueda refutar los datos. el que no encontró ningún resultado que lo decepcionaría. Además, se lleva a cabo una investigación en la propiedad con el fin de entender su plano y verificar si el edificio aún existe en Río de Janeiro en la actualidad. Finalmente, la calle se relaciona con un pasaje de la obra narrativa de Machado.

Muitos endereços em que viveu Machado de Assis são conhecidos por seus biógrafos, mas parece provável que outros estariam ainda incógnitos. A partir da descoberta de um registro em jornal da época, essa pesquisa busca averiguar se o escritor teria habitado em 1867 na rua da Alfândega 123. Na falta de outras evidências diretas, buscam-se informações paralelas que possam vir a desmentir o dado, o que não encontrou resultado que o desabonasse. Além disso, procede-se a uma investigação sobre o imóvel, a fim de compreender sua planta e verificar se o prédio ainda existe no Rio de Janeiro atual. Por fim, o logradouro é relacionado com uma passagem da obra narrativa machadiana.

ABSTRACT American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is endemic in the municipality of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State. The use of geotechnology such as spatial statistics and remote sensing has contributed to a better understanding of the eco-epidemiology of diseases, and consequently a better definition of control strategies. This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of probable sites of cases of ATL infection (2007-2011) in the municipality of Montes Claros and to identify related socio-environmental factors. Data on ATL cases notification were obtained from the Municipal Health Department of Montes Claros. The annual incidence of ATL in the municipality was calculated and the probable sites of infection were georeferenced. Crude Rate and the Local Empirical Bayesian Rate were calculated with census sectors considered as the unit of analysis. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated from LANDSAT 5 TM images. The spatial association between the crude rate of ATL and the NDVI of the census tracts was evaluated using the Local Bivariate of Moran I. The socio-environmental aspects of household structures were assessed based on a structured questionnaire. The incidence of ATL in the evaluated period ranged from 6.2 to 16.6 cases/100,000 inhabitants. The highest rates of ATL occurrence were found in the census sectors located in the rural area and in the peripheral census sectors in the city. Through the Empirical Bayes Smoothed Rate map, it was found that in the peripheral areas of the city, the rates of ATL occurrence were lower than in the rural area and their values decreased as they approach the city center. Local Bivariate of Moran I showed a positive correlation between NDVI and crude ATL rates, with significant high-high clusters observed in the rural area and in the census sectors in the Western peripheral area of the city that have experienced an urban expansion concomitant to the period investigated. In most homes of people affected by the disease, there were domestic animals and organic matter in the peridomicile. In addition, a high percentage of individuals affected by ATL reported the presence of rodents circulating near their homes. In conclusion, it is possible that the disorderly expansion process in the city of Montes Claros favored the establishment of the ATL periurban and urban transmission cycle. These regions deserve special attention from health surveillance to combat this zoonosis.

Abstract Agriculture needs methodologies that assist in the determination of soil attributes and variability mapping attributes with greater levels of detail. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate magnetic susceptibility as auxiliary variable for estimating soil attributes in areas of Indian Black Earths in the south of Amazonas State. Three Indian Black Earth areas are located in the municipalities of Apuí and Manicoré - Amazonas, under uses with coffee, cocoa and pasture. The soils were collected at the crossing points in the depth of 0.00 - 0.20 m, making a total of 88 sampling points/area, and totaling 264 samples. The points were georeferenced for geostatistical modeling. After that, physical and chemical analyzes were performed to obtain the values of soil and magnetic susceptibility attributes. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, linear regression and geostatistical analyzes were applied for Pedotransfer Function modeling and the spatial variability of the analyzed attributes. Magnetic susceptibility showed a high degree of spatial dependence in the study areas, high range values, correlating with most of the assessed attributes, mainly physical, indicating potential in the prediction of the attributes in these environments. Pedotransfer functions vary among IBE’s sites in attribute prediction, ensuring moderate estimates for predicting soil attributes in IBE’s areas.

Resumo Muitos endereços em que viveu Machado de Assis são conhecidos por seus biógrafos, mas parece provável que outros estejam ainda incógnitos. A partir da descoberta de antigo registro, apura-se se o escritor teria habitado em 1867 na rua da Alfândega, 123. Na falta de mais evidências diretas, buscam-se informações paralelas que pudessem desmentir o dado, mas sem resultado que o desabonasse. Procede-se a uma investigação sobre o imóvel, para compreender sua planta e verificar se o prédio ainda existe no Rio de Janeiro atual. Por fim, o logradouro é relacionado a uma passagem da obra machadiana.

Abstract Many addresses where Machado de Assis lived are known to his biographers, but it seems likely that others are still unknown. From the discovery of a record in a newspaper at the time, this research seeks to ascertain whether the writer would have inhabited Alfândega Street, 123 in 1867. In the absence of other direct evidence, parallel information is sought that could disprove the data, without result that disappointed it. In addition to that, an investigation is carried out on the property, in order to understand its plan and to check if the building still exists in Rio de Janeiro today. Finally, this space is related to a passage from Machado’s work.

Resumo O objetivo foi analisar a tendência, a espacialização e as circunstâncias associadas às violências contra populações vulneráveis no Brasil, entre 2009 e 2017. Lançou-se mão de análise descritiva, de espacialização e de regressão polinomial. Notificaram-se 1.116.331 casos de violência, com aumento de 667,5% no período analisado. Em todas as populações estudadas, houve predomínio da violência física por meio de força corporal contra mulheres de baixa escolaridade, praticada por homens em residências. As violências psicológica e sexual destacaram-se nas populações feminina e LGBT. Já a negligência foi expressiva dentre pessoas com deficiência, crianças/adolescentes e idosas. Pelo menos 65% das notificações de violência no Brasil foram caracterizadas como indiscriminadas quanto à motivação do ato. A análise de tendência demonstrou a ascensão da prevalência de violência contra mulheres (+8,5%), pessoas com deficiência (+7,1%), idosos (+55,4%), indígenas (+99,4%), LGBT (+3,4%) e pretos, pardos e amarelos (+30,2%), exceto para a população de crianças/adolescentes (-11,4%). No Norte/Nordeste prevaleceu agressão contra mulheres e crianças/adolescentes, ao passo que no Centro-Oeste, Sul e Sudeste, as populações LGBT, deficiente e idosa foram mais vilipendiadas.

Abstract The scope of this study was to analyze the trend, spatialization and circumstances associated with violence against vulnerable populations in Brazil between 2009 and 2017. Descriptive analysis, spatialization and polynomial regression were used. A total of 1,116,331 cases of violence were notified, with an increase of 667.5% over the period. In all populations under research there was a predominance of physical violence against women with low levels of schooling, perpetrated by men in residences. Sexual and psychological violence was highlighted in female and LGBT populations. Negligence, however, was significant among people with disabilities, children/adolescents, and the elderly. At least 65% of the notifications of violence in Brazil were characterized as indiscriminate regarding the motivation behind the act. Tendency analysis showed a rise of interpersonal violence against women (+8.5%), disabled people (+7.1%), elderly individuals (+55.4%), natives (+99.4%), LGBT people (+3.4%) and racial violence (+30.2%), except for violence against underaged individuals, which showed a decrease (-11.4%). In North and Northwest regions violence against women and underaged individuals prevailed, while in Midwest, South and Southeast regions the LGBT, disabled and elderly populations were most subject to abuse.

Resumo Objetivo Estimar a prevalência do DNA do vírus herpes humano 1 (HSV-1) em amostras de placenta, sua incidência no sangue do cordão umbilical de recém-nascidos e fatores de risco associados. Métodos Biópsias de placenta e de sangue de cordão umbilical foram analisadas, totalizando 480 amostras de parturientes assintomáticas e seus recém-nascidos emum hospital universitário. Reação de cadeia de polimerase (RCP) nested e sequenciamento gênico foram usados para identificar o vírus; odds ratio (OR) e risco relativo (RR) foram realizados para comparar os fatores de risco associados à essa condição. Resultados A prevalência do DNA do HSV-1 em amostras de placenta foi de 37,5%, e a incidência no sangue do cordão foi de 27,5%. A via transplacentária hematogênica foi identificada em 61,4% das amostras de HSV-1+do sangue do cordão umbilical, pareadas com o tecido placentário. Nenhuma evidência do vírus foi observada nos restantes 38,6% dos tecidos placentários, sugerindo uma infecção ascendente do trato genital. A falta de uso do preservativo aumentou o risco de encontrar o HSV-1 na placenta e no sangue do cordão umbilical. Conclusão A ocorrência de DNA do HSV-1 na placenta e no sangue do cordão umbilical sugere uma transmissão vertical de gestantes assintomáticas para o feto.

Abstract Objective Estimate the prevalence of human herpesvirus type 1 HSV-1 DNA in placental samples, its incidence in umbilical cord blood of newborns and the associated risk factors. Methods Placental biopsies and umbilical cord blood were analyzed, totaling 480 samples, from asymptomatic parturients and their newborns at a University Hospital. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencingwere used to identify the virus; odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) were performed to compare risk factors associated with this condition. Results The prevalence of HSV-1 DNA in placental samples was 37.5%, and the incidence in cord blood was 27.5%. Hematogenous transplacental route was identified in 61.4% from HSV-1+ samples of umbilical cord blood paired with the placental tissue. No evidence of the virus was observed in the remaining 38.6% of placental tissues, suggesting an ascendant infection from the genital tract, without replication in the placental tissue, resulting in intra-amniotic infection and vertical transmission, seen by the virus in the cord blood. The lack of condom use increased the risk of finding HSV-1 in the placenta and umbilical cord blood. Conclusion The occurrence of HSV-1 DNA in the placenta and in cord blood found suggests vertical transmission from asymptomatic pregnant women to the fetus.

In an enclosure with nine collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) from the Rio de Janeiro city Zoo, Brazil, one specimen was found dead and two others developed prostration, apathy and dehydration, resulting on its death. Necropsy of two animals pointed to pulmonary and renal damage. Histological examination revealed vasculitis in spleen from both P. tajacu, suggesting a systemic viral infection. Lungs from one specimen showed fibrinoid vasculitis, alveolar damage with hyaline membrane, and interstitial lymphocytes infiltration. Virome analysis in anal wash samples from the latter two animals revealed a new type of Betacoronavirus, lineage A, provisionally named Ptajacu-CoV.